Effect of PELT penalty values on detected changepoints for Inverter 1002. Top: Results using penalty = 0.00005, showing a moderate increase in sensitivity and multiple detected changepoints. Bottom: Results using penalty = 0.00001, where the lower penalty produces a highly sensitive segmentation and a larger number of changepoints. These examples illustrate how penalty selection governs the trade-off between model simplicity and responsiveness to small fluctuations in the PRI trend.