Regular Article

Numerical modeling, simulation and evaluation of conventional and hybrid photovoltaic modules interconnection configurations under partial shading conditions

¹ Department of Electrical Engineering, SBASSE, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Punjab, Pakistan
² Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
³ Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore 54890, Punjab, Pakistan

^* e-mail: 19060005@lums.edu.pk

Received: 19 May 2021
Received in final form: 2 December 2021
Accepted: 16 February 2022
Published online: 25 May 2022

Abstract

Partial shading on solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays is a prevalent problem in photovoltaic systems that impair the performance of PV modules and is responsible for reduced power output as compared to that in standard irradiance conditions thereby resulting in the appearance of multiple maximas on panel output power characteristics. These maxims contribute to mismatch power losses among PV modules. The mismatch losses depend on shading characteristics together with different interconnected configuration schemes of PV modules. The research presents a comparative analysis of partial shading effects on a 4 × 4 PV array system connected in series (S), parallel (P), serries-parallel (SP), total-cross-tied (TCT), central-cross-tied (CCT), bridge-linked (BL), bridge-linked total cross-tied (BLTCT), honey-comb (HC), honey-comb total-cross-tied (HCTCT) and ladder (LD) configurations using MATLAB/Simulink. The PV module SPR-X20-250-BLK was used for modeling and simulation analysis. Each module is comprised of 72 number of PV cells and a combination of 16 PV modules was employed for the contextual analysis. Accurate mathematical modeling for the HCTCT configuration under partial shading conditions (PSCs) is provided for the first time and is verified from the simulation. The different configuration schemes were investigated under short-narrow, short-wide, long-narrow, long-wide, diagonal, entire row distribution, and entire column distribution partial shading condition patterns with mathematical implementation and simulation of passing clouds. The performance of array configurations is compared in terms of maximum power generated (P_mp), mismatch power loss (ΔP_ml), relative power loss (P_rl) and the fill factor (FF). It was inferred that on average, TCT configuration yielded maximum power generation under all shading patterns among all PV modules interconnection configurations with minimum mismatch power losses followed by hybrid and conventional PV array configurations respectively.