Issue
EPJ Photovolt.
Volume 17, 2026
Special Issue on ‘EU PVSEC 2025: State of the Art and Developments in Photovoltaics', edited by Robert Kenny and Carlos del Cañizo
Article Number 12
Number of page(s) 9
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2026005
Published online 10 March 2026

Supplementary Material

Optical material parameters used in the simulation (spectral nk-data), thermal data (module heating), full data of EY vs model (including opaque reference).

Figure S1. Refractive indices (n, black) and extinction coefficients (k, red) of the materials used in the optical simulation of the all-perovskite tandem solar cell from TNO.

Figure S2. (a) Temperature of the cell vs ambient temperature under maximum irradiance and at different points of operation of the device. (b) Power conversion efficiency as a function of cell temperature.

Figure S3. Full annual energy yield data at (a) the radiative limit and (b) with non-radiative losses, for a bifacial module with a top-cell absorber band gap of 1.6 eV and assuming an albedo value of 0.3. The dotted line marks the value for the opaque reference (with Ag back contact).

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© U. Aeberhard et al., Published by EDP Sciences, 2026

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