The three different Si thin-film solar cell designs were studied. (a) The cell in previous work is based on front and back contacts. (b) The new design in this paper is based on laser single side front contacts (LSSC). (c) The reference cells are based on p-type Si wafer. The layers are not to scale. (d) Top view of batch Gra. C, on which are the nine cells with the graphite substrate. The cell No. 5 is in the center.