The effect of partial shading on the reliability of photovoltaic modules in the built-environment

Special Issue on ‘EU PVSEC 2023: State of the Art and Developments in Photovoltaics’, edited by Robert Kenny and João Serra

Open Access

Table 1

Details on the modules (and cell technology) used and the indoor and outdoor test conditions.

Module technology	Indoor hot-spot endurance tests		Outdoor tests (monitoring)
	IEC 61215-2:2021 (55 °C, 5 h) + 5 h*	IEC TS 63126:2020 Level 2 (75 °C*, 5 h) + 5 h	BIPV***	BIPV*** & shadow mask
1 – PERC − Half-Cell (20 cells/diode)	1	1	1 (Insulated)	1 (Insulated)
2 − IBC − Full-Cell (104 cells, 3 dio des)	1	1	1 (Insulated)	1 (Insulated)
3 − HJT − Half-Cell (20 cells/diode)	1	1	1 (Insulated)	1 (Insulated)
4 − PERC − Full-cell (10 cells/diode + 20 cells/diode)	1	–	1 (Partially Ventilated)	1 (Partially Ventilated)

PERC: Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact, IBC: Interdigitated Back Contact, HJT: Heterojunction technology

* Extended hot-spot test with a total duration of 10 h.

** As stated in the text, the module temperature was considered to be 75 °C instead of 70 °C.

*** The BIPV mounting configuration are indicated for each module technology.

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