: The energy metrics (a) energy demands, (b) net energy, and (c) energy balance, cumulatively for all deployed PV modules 2000–2100. Energy demands include full lifecycle energy demands of modules and materials and should be minimized. Net energy is the cumulative energy generated minus the cumulative energy demands, is shown normalized to the baseline, and should be maximized. Energy balance is cumulative energy generated divided by cumulative energy demands and should be maximized.