Evaluating the effects of photovoltaic module heating during electroluminescence inspection

Special Issue on ‘WCPEC-8: State of the Art and Developments in Photovoltaics’, edited by Alessandra Scognamiglio, Robert Kenny, Shuzi Hayase and Arno Smets

Open Access

Table 4

Results of the experimental measurements.

Symbol	Explanation	HJT	PERC	IBC	Unit
T_sat,calc	From equation (5)	45.07	47.67	49.40	°C
ΔT_sat,calc		20.07	22.67	24.40	°C
T_1,max	Front center cell	42.3	42.2	43.5	°C
ΔT_1,max		17.1	17.2	18.8	°C
T_2,max	Rear center cell	42.4	42.4	43.7	°C
ΔT_2,max		17.2	17	18.6	°C
T_3,max	Rear, cell gap	40.5	41.3	41.1	°C
ΔT_3,max		15.3	16	16.3	°C
T_4,max	Rear, corner cell	39.1	39.5	39.1	°C
ΔT_4,max		14	14	14	°C
V_start	PSU on	55.49	42.56	67.44	V
V_end	PSU off	53.27	40.8	64.48	V
ΔV	V_start − V_end	−2.22	−1.76	−2.96	V
ΔV_cell	ΔV/# cells	−0.031	−0.029	−0.031	V
ΔV_Voc	ΔV/V_OC	−4.2	−4.4	−4.6	%
β_V	Average	−0.26	−0.27	−0.26	%/°C
σ_β,dev	Standard deviation	±0.02	±0.016	±0.023	± %/°C
t_heat	Heating time	2576	1723	1740	s
t_cool	Cooling time	2674	1662	1709	s
P_EL,spec		266.8	264.0	301.8	W/m⁴
ΔΦ_EL	EL intensity drop	2	12	7	%
ΔΦ_EL,cells	ΔΦ_EL,center − ΔΦ_EL,corner	−1.5	−4	−3	%

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