Table 1
List of substrates used including for each substrate the average absorber thickness, solar cell efficiency, and damage voltage for both the dark (DRB) and illuminated (LRB) reverse bias sweeps. The average values are based on at least 22 measurement points per substrate, the error bar presented is the standard deviation. Several values are missing in the last column (damage voltage in LRB), due to the low number of damaged cells (n < 20) needed to give a reliable estimate. The table also displays the damage ratio in both dark reverse bias and illuminated reverse bias, together with the number of cells (n) used to calculate this ratio.
| Substrate | Absorber thickness [nm] | Efficiency [%] | n cells DRB | DRB damage ratio [%] | DRB damage voltage [V] | n cells LRB | LRB damage ratio [%] | LRB damage voltage [V] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group I-a | 262 ± 12 | 7.3 ± 0.4 | 76 | 100% | −2.5 ± 0.4 | 22 | 100% | −2.4 ± 0.7 |
| Group I-b | 433 ± 22 | 9.9 ± 0.5 | 27 | 100% | −2.7 ± 1.0 | 35 | 100% | −3.0 ± 0.2 |
| Group I-c | 468 ± 23 | 8.0 ± 0.4 | 60 | 100% | −2.9 ± 0.4 | 43 | 98% | −2.7 ± 0.3 |
| Group I-d | 503 ± 25 | 9.7 ± 0.4 | 73 | 100% | −3.0 ± 0.6 | 43 | 100% | −3.2 ± 0.4 |
| Group I-e | 517 ± 25 | 9.0 ± 0.3 | 76 | 100% | −2.9 ± 0.7 | 50 | 100% | −3.2 ± 0.5 |
| Group I-f | 889 ± 45 | 13.6 ± 0.4 | 78 | 92% | −3.7 ± 1.1 | 24 | 42% | |
| Group II-a | 545 ± 10 | 11.7 ± 0.4 | 47 | 100% | −4.0 ± 0.9 | 17 | 12% | |
| Group II-b | 580 ± 10 | 11.6 ± 0.7 | 51 | 96% | −3.9 ± 0.8 | 28 | 21% | |
| Group II-c | 586 ± 11 | 11.4 ± 0.4 | 69 | 94% | −3.9 ± 0.8 | 34 | 38% | |
| Group III-a | 1567 ± 37 | 13.2 ± 1.1 | 36 | 97% | −4.7 ± 0.7 | 35 | 11% | |
| Group III-b | 1585 ± 39 | 13.6 ± 1.5 | 36 | 97% | −4.6 ± 0.6 | 36 | 6% | |
| Group III-c | 1696 ± 47 | 12.2 ± 0.9 | 36 | 100% | −6.7 ± 2.4 | 35 | 6% | |
| Group III-d | 1721 ± 38 | 13.2 ± 0.9 | 35 | 100% | −7.8 ± 1.9 | 36 | 0% | |
| Group III-e | 1787 ± 38 | 13.7 ± 0.5 | 35 | 91% | −7.6 ± 1.8 | 32 | 3% | |
| Group III-f | 1910 ± 43 | 15.3 ± 1.2 | 36 | 97% | −6.7 ± 2.0 | 31 | 0% |
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.